Parasitic infections – this is a large group of diseases, the pathogens are microorganisms of the class protozoa and helminths (worms). Today, there are more than 200 species of parasites, of which 70 species are in the European countries and Russia.
Vermin, burglary in the human body, develop and exist through the "exploitation" of the resources of his body, rather than poison the products of its life activity and causes many functional disorders of organs and systems.
In the first Phase of the development of worms infestation diagnosis of the disease is practically not feasible, because the man is still not feeling the presence of parasites, and his health is satisfactory.
Even after some time, the man still will not experience discomfort from the presence of parasites in the body, just sometimes, a single minor problems in the work of certain organs and systems can be observed. In this case, an important factor is the consideration on their health. A slight discomfort the first Wake-up call about the development can be the beginning of disease.
The most common infection diagnosed accidentally, during routine medical examination, or if the Person is already medical assistance as a result of the dynamically deteriorating General condition.
Classification of parasites
All parasites are divided into:
- the simplest micro-organisms (Giardia, Toxoplasma, dysenteric amoeba);
- Worms (Pinworms, Ascarids, Toxocara)
Helminths – a very heterogeneous group of parasites, which is characterized by different life cycles, biological characteristics, spread within the organism and the specific development in him. Therefore, classification of helminths according to different principles: structure, life cycle, depending on the location of the parasite and the duration of interaction with the organism of the master.
According to the biological principles can be distinguished:
- Bio-helminths (animals of the bovine and swine tsepen, Echinococcus, opisthorchis). The life cycle of these parasites must be in two or even three intermediate hosts, i.e. other living organisms.
- Geo-helminths (Ascaris, whipworm, hookworm). In the course of development, no change in the host require to be displayed, they are localized together with the kalovymi masses in the environment and in the soil, and at a certain temperature and humidity in the eggs and larvae develop. The eggs, living larvae, penetrate into the body and enters the next stage of their development.
- Mail form and helminths (pinworm, dwarfish tsepen) data parasites are in the environment, together with the kalovymi masses, and in the case of non-observance of personal Hygiene, the infection is oral-fecal, that is the swallowing of the eggs of these parasites to humans. The main source of infection dirty hands.
After the construction are divided helminths in:
- nematode or round worms (pinworms, roundworms,whip);
- Trematodes or flukes (Schistosoma, opisthorchis, cats, and Siberian Fluke);
- cestody, or tapeworms (Echinococcus, cattle, and swine tsepen).
To distinguish the location in the organism:
- Intestinal worms (pinworms, roundworms, cattle and swine tsepen);
- out-of-intestine (alveococcus, opisthorchiasis, trichinella).
Routes of infection of parasites
There are various ways of infection with worms:
- Consumption of meat dishes, which is not high-quality heat treatment, meat can be parasites, the firmly fixed in the muscles of cattle and small ruminants by eating meat, humans infected the pigs and the cattle chain, Echinococcus.
- Consumption of salty, smoked, small, Solo, and raw fish. In raw fish opisthorchis and a tape worm, because the life cycle of these parasites involves the exchange of several owners, one of them is a fish.
- The consumption of raw water from unknown sources, washing dishes, vegetables and fruit in the such water, for example, on vacation.
- If you work in the garden without protective gloves Geo-worms can fall on the Hand, and the Hand-to-mouth. Also viruses can, as this kind of parasites by dirty vegetables, herbs and berries.
- Through contact with Pets. Dogs and cats are carriers and disseminators of many parasites. Especially you should not allow the pet into the bed in the bed with people or you can lick the face and hands of the people.
- The source of infection a Person infected with the acute Form of Helminthiasis.
Symptoms of the screws in an adult are endless
Signs of tape worms in humans occur already at a late stage of the infection. Of course, the body takes some signals at the beginning of the disease, to give especially during the attention to them and interpret it correctly. On the first stages of the Penetration of the parasites into the body the person can experience mild symptoms that you may take as a result of other diseases:
- Fatigue;
- frequent headaches;
- increasing weakness;
- increased irritability;
- Sleep disorders;
- Weight loss for no apparent reason;
- Apathy and Depression.
In the next Phase of the development of worms infestation, there is a General sensitization of the organism. On the layers of the skin of the patient, different types of rash and clinical examination of the blood appear to increase in the eosinophils discovered, evidence for the development of an allergic reaction.
If the parasite develops to the adult individual, and in a specific Organ is localized, then the symptoms show up, which is typical for the area, the presence of parasites. The most common worms are in the small or large bowel, so that the characteristic symptoms in diseases of the gastro – intestinal tract symptoms in the Form of digestive disorders (fermentation and putrefaction):
- Pain in the area of the navel;
- Loss or reduction of appetite;
- in some cases, increased appetite;
- Flatulence; rumbling and gurgling in the abdomen;
- Constipation and diarrhea;
- Vomiting and diarrhea;
- Flatulence.
Further, the development of anemia and hypovitaminosis is, because man is a lack of nutrients, the interception of parasites. In this case, the person is aware of:
- chronic fatigue;
- Dizziness;
- increasing weakness;
- Headache.
In severe advanced cases, the development of severe disease in need of urgent treatment were observed:
- allergic myocarditis;
- Meningoencephalitis;
- Inflammation of the lungs;
- Hepatitis or violation of hemostasis;
- Hematuria (blood in the urine);
- Reduction in the body's own defenses (immune system dysfunction);
- the violation in the work of the endocrine system;
- the defeat of the lymph nodes.
Reduction in the body's own defenses increases the likelihood of viral and bacterial infections. And in children, parasites, delay, provoke in physical growth and mental development. Symptoms of worms in humans are, however, different types of parasites and their localization in the body promotes the development of characteristic symptoms on the part of the affected organs.
The clinical picture in the case of infestation of different species of parasites
Depending on the worm lives in the body, the symptoms can be very diverse.
For example, in the case of the enterobiose the main symptoms are:
- Itching in the area of the anus;
- Pain in the abdomen;
- wolverina in the case of girls, when in contact with parasites on the mucous membranes of the vagina.
The first Phase of Ascariasis, i.e. the wall, is shown in the Form of:
- Lung diseases: Bronchitis, Laryngitis, or Tracheitis.
In the case of the intestinal Form of Ascariasis observed:
- nausea and vomiting;
- Pain in the abdomen;
- Reduction of appetite;
- Eruptions on the skin;
- Increase in eosinophils in the blood.
In severe advanced cases, observed:
- Violation of the integrity of the intestinal wall;
- with subsequent Peritonitis and appendicitis (in case of contact with roundworms in Appendix);
- Liver damage;
- Intestinal obstruction (occlusion of the lumen of the intestine).
In the case of infection, cestode (tape worms) in the process of bowel movements along with the kalovymi masses of the parts of the parasite. In this scenario, the following symptoms occur:
- nausea and vomiting;
- increasing weakness;
- Dizziness and headaches;
- Constipation and diarrhea;
- Pain in the abdomen;
- The reduction of body weight.
With the progression of the disease observed progress in the development of a severe anemia, what is called sometimes a lack of Vitamin B 12 and iron.
Opisthorchis their presence in the body can cause severe lesion of the biliary tract, the liver, the gallbladder and the pancreatic duct. Since the developed presence of parasites in these organs and creates a barrier for the outflow of the bile, cholecystitis; biliary tract dyskinesia, pancreatitis. Inflammation in these organs accompanied by increased temperature indicators, heaviness in the right upper abdomen, pain in the area of the gallbladder (biliary colic), nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. The presence of trichinae in the body causes severe defeat of the muscles: the intercostal, chewing, muscles of the tongue, of the pharynx, of the eyes, aperture.
Hookworm, whipworm, schistosomiasis, tapeworm in the body cause anemia, intestinal dysbiosis, vitamin deficiency, metabolic disorders. And in the urine-sexual schistosomiasis, appears this Symptom, such as urinary urgency with blood.
When alveococcosis, echinococcosis, and cysticercosis, the first Phase is almost asymptomatic, however, in the acute stage of the development of suppuration and rupture of small cysts with parasites occurs, leading to very serious consequences:
- Peritonitis;
- Pleurisy;
- anaphylactic shock;
- Damage to the blood vessels and chronic bleeding (hookworm feed on blood);
- Defeat of the Central nervous system.
Roundworms Strongyloides provoke the development of allergic reactions, pathology of the biliary tract and of the violation in the work of the digestive tract.
Test you use to determine the presence of parasites in the body
With the help of this test can indicate the presence of parasites in the body. To do this, you must answer the following questions:
- Have observed you itching in the Anus?
- There are rashes on the skin?
- You feel nausea?
- Whether it is vomiting?
- Whether Insomnia?
- There is a bitterness in the mouth? And how often?
- Enlarged Lymph Nodes?
- How often muscle pain? What is your intensity?
- There is a loss of body mass?
- There is a loss of appetite?
- If there are such symptoms as fatigue, increased fatigue, decreased concentration and work capacity?
If you have 10 positive answers, then you can assume the presence of worms infection with a high probability of All of these symptoms occur in the acute Phase of the disease. Since at this time the worms are active and have a significant impact on the organism.
Prevention of Anti-parasitic infestation
Prevention of Helminthiasis especially on the observance of rules of personal Hygiene:
- frequent hand washing;
- frequent change of underwear and bed linen;
- timely and high-quality cleaning of rooms;
- the use of the personal household goods: towels, dishes, etc.;
- timely deworming of Pets;
- high-quality heat treatment of meat products and fish;
- Rejection of the use of raw fish carefully in a food of salted, dried, smoked, and small Solo fish;
- all of the garden work, the implementation of protective gloves;
- you use to drink only clean water;
- do not swim in unknown waters;
- Implementation of drug prevention of Helminthiasis twice a year: in spring and in autumn.